英语摘要中时态和语态的运用

2022-10-05 08:52:22   第一文档网     [ 字体: ] [ 阅读: ] [ 文档下载 ]

#第一文档网# 导语】以下是®第一文档网的小编为您整理的《英语摘要中时态和语态的运用》,欢迎阅读!
语态,时态,英语,摘要,运用
英语摘要中时态和语态的运用

1 时态

摘要中的时态不是单一性的,各部分对时态的要求有所不同。国内外期刊在时态的使用上也存在差异,缺乏统一。下面参照国际的使用情况,特别是我国医学期刊比较普遍采用的格式,按照摘要的结构项目顺序来具体学习 1.1 目的(Objective/Purpose/Aim

目的是在研究开始前设想并设计的,属于过去的事。国外期刊摘要目的用一般过去时的居多,但也有不少人用一般现在时。国内也偏用过去时,此外还盛行用省略形式,即使用不定式短语表示,这样就不存在时态是否正确的问题。 e.g.

The purpose of this study is to assess the clinical value of multislice spiral CT in the examination of foreign bodies in air tracks of children.(×)

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical value() To assess the clinical value()

1.2 方法(Methods

“方法”叙述的都是在实验室或研究过程中是怎么做的,均为过去发生的事情,有时还提出是在过去某一时刻或某一时间段做的事情,应用一般过去时。 e.g.

284 percutaneous biopsies had been done for pulmonary lesions from October 2003 to September 2005. (×)

284 percutaneous biopsies were done for pulmonary lesions from October 2003 to September 2005. ()

1.3 结果(Results

在实验中观察到的事物的作用或状态、研究分析得出的其他结果(包括数据),表明工作已完成,应用一般过去时。 e.g.

Of the 6 patients with Fairest images, there is an observable cerebral blood flow decreasing in relation to collateral symmetric area in 2 patients. (×)

Of the 6 patients with Fairest images, there was an observable cerebral blood flow decreasing in relation to collateral symmetric area in 2 patients. ()

1.4 结论(Conclusion

结论是从研究结果获得的新认识,是对结果的分析和评价,包括建议和应用常用一般现在时,有时加用情态动词。 E.g.

A model of ischemia reperfusion with MRI can be set up by using this method. It laid a foundation for further study. (×)

It lays a foundation for further study. ()

1.5其他

注意:有的期刊在“目的”前添加“背景”一项,表示该研究当时所处的学


术环境或状态。有时“背景”单独成项,有时被包括在“目的”的内容中。 e.g. (单独列项) 背景Background

There is a great deal of controversy surrounding the issue of homone replacement therapy after transplantation.(在移植后激素替代治疗这一问题上,存在很大的争议。)

背景和目的结合在一起的写法,注意用Background做标题时,一般用2个以上的完整句子表达。

Aspirin can inhabit inflammatory reactions and platelet aggregation, but little is know about the effects of the combination of aspirin plus clopidogrel, a new antiplatelet agent, on inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether aspirin plus clopidogrel can further suppress inflammation in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. 总之,关于摘要时态的运用,一方面要关注国内外总的趋势,同时更要尊重投稿期刊的规定或使用习惯。

2.语态

摘要语态的使用也存在分歧。“目的”习惯多用不定式短语表示; “方法”往往以被动态为主; “结果”也以被动态为多,有时与主动交织使用; “结论”多为主动语态,谓语动词前有时加may, can使语气缓和,表可能性,加should表积极建议。 2.1 方法 e.g.

To choose 43 cases of patients suffering from cirrhosis hypersplenia after hepatitis and divided them in to two groups. (×)

43 patients suffering from cirrhosis hypersplenia after hepatitis were chosen and (were) divided them in to two groups. ()

2.2结果 e.g.

All the MR images of 13 patients showed that periportal fissure become wider with diffuse abnormal long T1 long T2 signal. 1 patient found diffuse whole intrahepatic bile duct dilation on MRCP, 12 patients found a small amount of ascites(×)

All the MR images of 13 patients showed that periportal fissure became wider with diffuse abnormal long T1 and long T2 signals. One patient was found having diffuse whole intrahepatic bile duct dilation on MRCP, 12 patients (were found) having a small amount of ascites()

附:当基数词出现在句首时,1-9不能用阿拉伯数字,应用英文单词书写。其他数字两种形式均可,较大的数目用阿拉伯数字表达既简洁又醒目。

2.3 结论 e.g. Based on the information provided by these surgeries, we may claim that


本文来源:https://www.dy1993.cn/sLz.html

相关推荐