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散文翻译 Translation of essays 什么是散文?
广义而言,凡是不属于韵文的文章都可称为散文。西方人甚至把小说也包括在散文之内;我国有些现代叙事性文章名为散文,但称之为小说也无不可。不过,严格说来,我们说的散文应相当于西方的Essay,与诗歌(poem)、小说(novel)、戏剧(drama)并起并坐,文字一般都比较短小精炼,如随笔、小品文、杂感、游记、日记、书信、回忆录、通讯报道等等。
英汉散文的特点
散文是一种最灵活、最自由的文体。它篇幅短小、题材广泛;结构散而不乱,形式灵活;散文的语言充分体现了汉语多辞藻华美,或文意浓郁,文采飞扬的特点;然而英语则措辞简洁、文意客观、文采朴素。英汉语言的天然差异给散文的翻译带来很大的困难,散文的翻译不能机械地直译。
散文翻译的特点
散文的特点决定了散文的翻译必须是灵活地将“形”与“神”统一。许渊冲在谈到文学翻译时说:“文学翻译不单是译词,还要译意:不单要译意,还要译味。”,并形象地用数学公式表达为:“译词:1+1=1(形似),译意:1+1=2(意似),译味:1+1=3(神似)”。
所谓“译味”,是指译者要注意作者的语言风格。下笔翻译之前先辨别文章的文体色彩,熟悉不同文体的语言风格;更重要的是,要善于运用译入语中不同文体的语言风格来再现原文的语言风格,使译文与原文的文体色彩相符合,达到形式与功能的对等。
注意汉英散文翻译中的民俗文化误译
他是趟着雾走的,步子很飘,他背着花篓,篓里装着粮食,鼓的。”(《家乡》)
译文: He went off walking on air, his steps fairly flew. On his back he lugged an embroidered basket,in the basket bags of grain-bulging-ones stood at attention.“花篓”翻译成“embroidered basket”是不恰当的。“embroider”的意思是“刺绣”,翻译成诸
如“basket with patterns”之类的形式才正确。 朱自清《背影》英译例谈
《背影》是朱自清的早期散文作品。作者使用提炼的口语,文笔秀丽、细腻缜密,读来有一种亲切委婉、娓娓动听的感觉。
张培基先生的英译《背影》以保持原作的口语风格为要,遣词造句通俗简洁,朴实无华,最大限度地再现了原文信息,达到了与原文极其相似的功能。 词汇层面:理解到位,用词准确、简单、通俗
(1)那年冬天,祖母死了,父亲的差使也交卸了,„„
译 文 :In the winter of two years ago, grandma died and father lost his job. …
(2)„„一半为了丧事,一半为了赋闲。
译 文 :Between grandma’s funeral and father’s unemployment, …
(3)父亲因为事忙,本已说定不送我,叫旅馆里一个熟识的茶房陪我同去。
译文:Father said he was too busy to go and see me off at the railway station, but would ask a hotel waiter that he knew to accompany me there instead.
(4)行李太多了,得向脚夫行些小费,才可过去。他便又忙着和他们讲价钱。
译文 :
There was quite a bit of luggage and he had to bargain with the porter over the fee.
(5)大约大去之期不远矣。
译文 :Perhaps it won’t be long now before I depart this life.
(6)他走了几步,回过头看见我,说,“进去吧,里边没人。 ”
译文: „he looked back at me and said, “Go back to your seat. Don’t leave your things alone.”
(7) 他用两手攀着上面,两脚再向上缩;他肥胖 的身子向左微倾。 „„过铁道时,他先将橘子散放在地上,自己慢慢爬下,再抱起橘子走。
译文:His hands held onto the upper part of the platform, his legs huddles up and his corpulent body tipped slightly towards the left, „ In crossing the railway track, he first put the tangerines on the ground, climbed down slowly and then picked them up again.
(8)父亲说: “事已如此,不必难过,好在天无绝人之路! ”
译文:Now that things’ ve come to such a pass, it’s no use crying. Fortunately, Heaven always leaves one a way out. (come to a pretty/sorry pass: 处境糟糕)
(9)他只说,“不要紧,他们去不好”。
译文:
But he only said, “Never mind! It won’t do to trust guys like those hotel boys! ”
句法层面:句子短小精悍,结构简单
1)他望车外看了看,说,“我买几个橘子去。你就在此地,不要走动。 ”
译文:But he looked out of the window and said,“I’m going to buy you some tangerines. You just stay here. Don’t move around.”
(2)„„于是扑扑衣上的泥土,心里很轻松似的,过一会说,“我走了;到那边来信! ”
译文: „he looked somewhat relieved and said after a while, “I must be going now. Don’t forget to write me from Beijing! ”
(3)他嘱咐我路上小心,夜里要警惕些,不要受凉。
译文:He told me to be watchful on the way and be careful not to catch cold at night.
(4)他再三嘱咐茶房,甚是仔细。 但他终于不放 心,怕茶房不妥帖,颇踌躇了一会。 译文 :
He urged the waiter again and again to take good care of me, but still did not quite trust him.
(5)我与父亲不相见已二年余了,我最不能忘记的是他的背影。
译文:It is more than two years since I last saw father, and what I can never forget is the sight of his back. 关照英文形合(hypotaxis)巧作变动
(6)到南京时,有朋友约去游逛,勾留了一日。 译 文 :I spent the first day in Nanjing strolling about with some friends at their invitation.
(7)那年冬天,祖母死了,父亲的差使也交卸了,正是祸不单行的日子,我从北京到徐州, 打算跟着父亲奔丧回家。
译 文 :
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