阅读障碍症

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As the popular slogan states, "reading is fundamental." But for many kids with dyslexia, learning to read is a struggle. Simply put, children with reading disorders have trouble recognizing words and letters on the page. And although reading difficulty has been studied for over 100 years, scientists have never determined a specific cause.



Over the past twenty years, however, researchers have made significant strides. Many agree that the disorder can be best explained by understanding the mechanics of reading. When a child learns to read, she begins to associate the shapes of letters with sounds, and then string the sounds together to form words. When a learning reader sees the letters C-A-T on the page, she begins by recognizing that the letter "C" makes a "kuh" sound, A makes an "ahh" sound, and so on. These basic sounds are called phonemes, and the ability to manipulate them is called phonological awareness.



Many researches now believe that for children with reading disorders, the problem has to do with impaired phonological awareness. Such children may know what a cat is and be able to describe it in detail, but when it comes to sounding out the written word "CAT," the parts of their brains responsible for processing phonemes just don't work as well as they should.



Many reading disorders seem to have nothing to do with intelligence. Albert Einstein was dyslexic, and he turned out to be pretty bright. The good news is that with proper training, nearly all children can learn to read with proficiency. And that, as we know, is fundamental.

VOCABULARY 词汇积累



1. fundamental

adj.基础的, 基本的, 根本的; 重要的

The new government has promised to make fundamental changes. 新政府已经答应进行根本的改革。



2. dyslexia n.[医] 诵读困难

However, we should not blame those who cannot speak well because of a physical defect such as a natural lisp, stutter or dyslexia.






不过，因身体缺陷如天生口齿不清、结巴、诵读困难等而不能讲好英语者，我们不应当责怪。

3. phoneme n.[语]音位, 音素 例句请见本文。



4. stride n.大步, 阔步

He took every obstacle in his stride. 他轻易地度过一切难关。



5. manipulate vt.(熟练地)操作

A clever politician knows how to manipulate public opinion. 一个聪明的政治家知道如何利用舆论。

6. impair v.削弱

Smoking impairs our health. 吸烟会损害我们的健康。



7. proficiency

n.熟练, 精通, 熟练程度

He made little proficiency in literary accomplishments. 他在文学方面成就不多。

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