定语从句s

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从句,定语
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定语从句复习学案

考点解析:定语从句虽然不像宾语从句和状语从句在考试题中体现的那么明显。但是在进行阅读理解时,它是一项必不可少的语法知识。它的作用具体体现在 1.阅读理解的信息集阶段,帮助同学们扫除语言理解的障碍 。在信息处理环节帮助你们做出有效的选择2 书面表达方面,有些句子单用简单句及其它复合句并不能准确,完整的表达出想表达的意思. 一.复习目标

1.了解什么是定语从句?什么是先行词?定语从句在句子中的位置? 2.关系代词和关系副词的选择及省略。

关系词的作用:1)引导定语从句。2)代替先行3)在定语从句中担当句子成分。 3.用定语从句表达自己的喜好Express preferences

(课本内容链接:Unit 6 I like music that I can dance to Unit 7 Where would you like to

visit? )

4.读懂阅读理解中的定语从句。 5.在写作中尝试运用定语从句

题型体现:单选题选择一个关系代词或关系副词;任务阅读中翻译含有定语从句的句子;读理解。

二、定语从句的概念

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连接定语从句的词 有关系代词that ,which who (宾格whom ,所有格whose )和关系副词where ,when .如果先行词是人用that who (宾格whom 连接:如果先行词是物,that which:如果先行词是表示地点的名词且在句中作地点状语时用where 连接;如果先行词是表示时间的名词且在句中作时间状语时用when 连接; 定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 如果关系词在句中做宾语可以省略,如果做主语,不能省略. 从句中谓语动词与先行词保持一致。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

1.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden..我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

2.This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人我已经读了三遍。

四.关系代词的用法 做主语 做宾语 做定语 指人 指物

Who \that Which\that

Who \whom \that

省略

Which \that 省略

Whose Whose

五.关系副词的用法 作状语 先行词 关系副词 地点 the place ,the city ,the Where

town ,Beijing

时间 the time ,the day,the date When 原因 the reason Why 比较下列句子

Do you remember the day that (which)we spent together ?你记得我们一起度过的那一天吗?that指时间,在从句中做spent 的宾语)

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Do you remember the day when we joined the League ?你记得我们入团的那一天吗?(when 指时间,做从句中做时间状语)

2.I visited the museum where my father woked yesterday ?昨天,我参观了我爸爸工作过的那个博物馆 where 指地点 ,在从句中做地点状语)

I visited the museum which (that)you told me in the letter yesterday ?昨天,我参观了你在信中告诉过我的那个工厂。(which \that 指地点,在从句中做宾语) 六.了解只用that 不用which 的情况

1. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时, 例如:He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 This is the most beautiful mountain that I have ever seen .这是我见过最美的山脉。

2..被修饰的先行词为everything anythingall any much many none the one等不定代词时例Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

3.先行词被the only the very the same the last little few all ,any, every, much, no, one,of,等词修饰时。例如This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 4.. 先行词里同时含有人或物时

例:I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在5那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

5..whowhich引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? 了解只用which ,不用that 的情况

1.先行词为that those时,用which 而不用that.例如:

What’s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? 2..关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 3.引导非限制性定语从句,用which 而不用that.例如:

Tom came back which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 中考试题回顾

1.The whole world is fighting against the H1N1,a disease ________ has caused many deaths.09绍兴)

A. who B. which C. whom D. what

2. I like the teacher _______classes are very interesting and creative.09兰州) A. which B. who C. what D. whose

3.This is the school ___I studied three years ago .(10菏泽)A.where B when C which D that 4.Everybody should know that it is I rather than others ______have the right to decide . A which B what C who D whom

5.The young man _____is a friend of mine .(10烟台)

A Who I had a talk B whom I had a talk with C whom I had a talk D which I had a talk with 6.Teenagers love teachers _____are energetic and friendly .(10临沂)A whom B who Cwhich D \ 7.Can you wake the person ______is pretending to be asleep ?(10枣庄)A.whom B who C which D whose

8.Where is the key______fits this lock ?(10威海) A which B who C how D what

9.The spaceship _____will go around the earth in 2015 will be called Shenzhou VII (10三亚) A which B who C whom D what

10.The TV play is about a true story _____happened in Nanjing in 1998 .(10四川宜宾) A it B what C that D when

11.I began to work in Shanghai in the year _____Hongkong was returned to China .(10十堰) A that B which C where D when

12.Friends are those ______make you smile ,always open their hearts to you and encourage you to

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succeeed .(10河南)A which B what C whom D who

13.There are lots of things _____I need to prepare before the trip .( 10河北) A who B that C whom D whose

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