2017年考研英语阅读材料之谷歌无人驾驶汽车

【#第一文档网# 导语】以下是®第一文档网的小编为您整理的《2017年考研英语阅读材料之谷歌无人驾驶汽车》，欢迎阅读！

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！





2017年考研英语阅读材料之谷歌无人驾

驶汽车



MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. — Google, a leader in effortsto create driverless cars, has run into an odd safety conundrum: humans.

加利福尼亚州山景城——作为无人驾驶汽车研发领域的领头羊，谷歌(Google)遇到了一个奇怪的安全难题：人类。

Last month, as one of Google’s self-driving cars approached a crosswalk, it did what it wassupposed to do when it slowed to allow a pedestrian to cross, prompting its “safety driver” toapply the brakes. The pedestrian was fine, but not so much Google’s car, which was hit frombehind by a human-driven sedan. 上月，当谷歌的一辆自动驾驶汽车来到人行横道前时，它像设想的那样放慢速度让一名行人先行，促使“安全驾驶员”启动刹车。那个行人没事，但谷歌那辆车却没那么幸运。它被后面的一辆由人驾驶的轿车追尾了。

Google’s fleet of autonomous test cars is programmed to follow the letter of the law. But it canbe tough to get around if you are a stickler for the rules. One Google car, in a test in 2009,couldn’t get through a four-way stop because its sensors kept waiting for other (human)drivers to stop completely and let it go. The human drivers kept inching forward, looking for theadvantage — paralyzing Google’s robot.

按照设计，谷歌的自动测试车会严格遵守法律条文。但如果拘泥于规则，上路可能都会变得困难。在2009年的一次测试中，谷歌的车没能通过一个十字路口，因为它的传感器一直在等着其他(人类)司机彻底停下来，让它过去。但其他司机一直在向前蹭，寻找有利时机。这种情况让谷歌的机器人陷入了瘫痪。

It is not just a Google issue. Researchers in the fledgling field of autonomous vehicles say thatone of the biggest challenges facing automated cars is blending them into a world in whichhumans don’t behave by the book. “The real problem is that the car is too safe,” said DonaldNorman, director of the Design Lab at the University of California, San Diego, who studiesautonomous vehicles.

这不仅仅是谷歌面临的问题。自动化车辆这一新兴领域的研究人员称，自动车面临的最大挑战之一是让它们融入一个人类不照章行事的世界。“真正的问题是，这些车太追求安全了，”研究自动车辆的加州大学圣迭戈分校设计实验室(Design Lab at the University of California, San Diego)主任唐纳德·诺曼(Donald Norman)说。

“They have to learn to be aggressive in the right amount, and the right amount depends onthe culture.”

“它们得学会适度强硬，而什么叫做适度则取决于不同的文化。”

Traffic wrecks and deaths could well plummet in a world without any drivers, as someresearchers predict. But wide use of self-driving cars is still many years away, and testers

第1页共1页


凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！



arestill sorting out hypothetical risks — like hackers — and real world challenges, like whathappens when an autonomous car breaks down on the highway. 正如一些研究人员预言的那样，世界上如果没有驾驶员，交通事故造成的伤亡会大大减少。然而，广泛使用自动驾驶汽车仍是多年后的事，测试人员仍在应对像黑客这种假设的风险和现实世界里的挑战，比如自动驾驶车辆在公路上出故障了应该怎么办。

For now, there is the nearer-term problem of blending robots and humans. Already, cars fromseveral automakers have technology that can warn or even take over for a driver, whetherthrough advanced cruise control or brakes that apply themselves. Uber is working on the self-driving car technology, and Google expanded its tests in July to Austin, Tex. 目前，让机器人和人类同时上路这个问题更紧迫。多家汽车生产商的车辆已经掌握了警告或是代替驾驶员的技术，不管是通过先进的巡航控制，还是可以自行启动的刹车。Uber正在研发自动驾驶汽车技术，谷歌也于今年7月把测试扩展到了德克萨斯州的奥斯汀。 Google cars regularly take quick, evasive maneuvers or exercise caution in ways that are atonce the most cautious approach, but also out of step with the other vehicles on the road. 谷歌汽车通常会迅速采取回避操作，或是谨慎行事。后者立即会变成最谨慎的应对方式，但同时也将导致与路上其他车辆格格不入。

“It’s always going to follow the rules, I mean, almost to a point where human drivers who get inthe car and are like ‘Why is the car doing that?’” said Tom Supple, a Google safety driver duringa recent test drive on the streets near Google’s Silicon Valley headquarters.

“它永远都会遵守规则，我是说，几乎到了坐在车里的人类驾驶员会想‘这车干嘛那么做?’的地步，”汤姆·苏普莱(Tom Supple)说。最近，谷歌在其位于硅谷的总部附近的街道上进行了一次试驾，而苏普莱正是当时的安全驾驶员。

Since 2009, Google cars have been in 16 crashes, mostly fender-benders, and in every singlecase, the company says, a human was at fault. This includes the rear-ender crash on Aug. 20,and reported this morning by Google. The Google car slowed for a pedestrian, then the Googleemployee manually applied the brakes. The car was hit from behind, sending the employee tothe emergency room for mild whiplash.

自2009年以来，谷歌汽车发生了16次撞车事故，大部分是轻微碰撞。谷歌称，每次碰撞都是人的错，包括公司今天上午通报的发生在8月20日的那起追尾。当时，谷歌的车因为行人放慢了速度，安全驾驶员随后手动刹车。接下来，车子被追尾，导致此人因颈椎轻微受伤而进了急诊室。

Google’s report on the incident adds another twist: While the safety driver did the right thingby applying the brakes, if the autonomous car had been left alone, it might have braked lesshard and traveled closer to the crosswalk, giving the car behind a little more room to stop.Would that have prevented the collision? Google says it’s impossible to say.

谷歌有关这起事故的报告揭示了另一个问题：尽管安全驾驶员启动刹车的行为是正确的，但如果让自动汽车独自行驶，它的刹车力度可能不会那么强，因此会行驶到离人行横道更近的地方，给后车留出稍微多一点的刹车空间。这样能避免撞车吗?谷歌表示无从得知。 There was a single case in which Google says the company was responsible for a crash. Ithappened in August 2011, when one of its Google cars collided with another moving vehicle.But, remarkably, the Google car was being piloted at the time by an employee. Another humanat fault. 谷歌称，只有一次撞车事故责任在自己身上。那是2011年8月，谷歌的一辆车与另一辆正在行驶中的车相撞。但需要注意的是，当时谷歌的车是由一名工作人员操控的。所以，

第2页共2页

本文来源：https://www.dy1993.cn/NxhG.html