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初中英语阅读理解解题方法与技巧
上了初中以后,很多孩子会发现做阅读理解题,要么看不懂文章纠结,要么看懂了文章,题目也纠结。面对很多问题时,似是而非,总有那么几个选项貌似都对。比如说:
2.Some peacocks became ill and died because some visitors______; A.didn‘t give the many food B.gave them too much food C.threw them some bad food D.loved the mand played with them 这道题的正确选项是C,因为文章中有这么一句话:
Some of the peacocks became ill,some even died after eating the bad food given by the visitors。
可见,孔雀生病或死亡是因为吃了游客扔的坏的食物导致的。
然而也不乏一些孩子选了B,他们告诉我,曾经听过动物园中动物由于吃了过多游客给的食物而撑死的,所以自己觉得应该选B。
你的孩子在做题时有没有这种“我觉得,我以为呢?”,如果有,一定要告诉孩子,那是万万要不得的。
做阅读理解题,一定要记得“忠于原文,切忌主观臆断”。
下面就常考的几大阅读题类型如何解答作一总结,以供家长或孩子们参考。 1.主旨大意型
做这类题,要找准主题句。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。
然后根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。
2)干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。 3)干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。 请看以下文章:
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In the 1930s,a lot of people in the USA were out of work.Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.He always had an interest in word games and to fillhis time he planned a game which he called“Lexico”.However,he was not completely satisfied with the game,so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from“Lexico”to“Alph”and then to“CrissCross”.He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success。 Q:The text is mainly about________。
A.Lexico B.Three men C.Aword game D.Alfred Butts
很显然这道题最佳答案应该是D,因为文章的每一句话都描述的是AlfredButts所做的事情。而A和C都有些以偏概全。 2.事实细节型
解题原则:忠于原文,联系上下文,理清全篇的逻辑关系,决不能主观臆断。 有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问,所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。所以一定要将题干所涉及信息在原文中找到,找出最贴近原话的选项。 3.词义猜测型
同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or,它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此可以推测。
反义法如hot and cold,give and receive等,或前句为肯定,后句为否定。总之,词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。
释义法对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。
情景推断法、代词替代法等
例如:Most women in Ghana--the educated and illiterate,the urban and rural,the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers。
Q:Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“illiterate”?
A.repeat B.reiterated C.uneducated D.sick
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