超越结构与行动范式

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超越结构与行动范式

谢岳;戴康

【期刊名称】《复旦学报（社会科学版）》 【年(卷),期】2018(060)003

【摘 要】20世纪后50年,社会科学在解释社会变迁的过程中,形成了两大互为竞争的理论范式——结构主义与行动主义.对社会变迁的解释,前者偏重于社会、政治和经济的结构关系,而后者侧重以行动者为中心.两大理论范式互相批评,指责对方所存在的解释缺陷.不过,在这场旷日持久的争论中,先锋理论家们清醒地意识到两种传统范式固有的不足:二者都没有令人信服地说明为什么结构或行动在社会变迁中的作用更大.从20世纪末开始,这些理论家们尝试进行新的范式革命.以查尔斯·蒂利为代表的学者们在对革命和社会运动理论加以综合的时候,提出了动态的政治过程理论.他们主张采用"过程—机制"的方法和"相关性方法",动态地分析重大社会变迁的过程和结果.在他们看来,过程—机制理论能够将结构主义范式与行动主义范式嫁接在一起.通过文献分析,本文从本体论的高度,梳理了范式革命的内在逻辑,从而为社会科学的研究提供新的工具.%The competitive paradigms between structuralism and agentialism sustained in the second half of the 20th century while social science tries to explain social change and conflicts. The structuralist paradigm focused on the structural relations of society, politics and economy to answer the question on why great social change like social revolution would take place,while the agentialist one paid a central attention to actors to account for why men lodged collective action to change the reality making them grieved. During competition, structuralist


or agentialist students criticized each other and defended their theoretical advantages over the other. However, this long-lasting debate promotes several leading scholars to recognize more about what the flaws exist in the current paradigms so that they could not do as well as they should in explaining social change. Since the end of the 20th century,Charles Tilly and his two collaborators have been pushing a paradigm revolution of social science, synthesizing the structuralism and agentialism into"theory of contentious politics."They advance that social scientist should explain social change in a dynamic way,by means of"process-mechanism"as well as"relational analysis."The theory of contentious politics suggests that any social transformation including democratization results from similar processes and mechanisms, whereas different combinations of processes and mechanisms lead to different outcomes of social shift. The structure-agency paradigm contributes to understanding social change better in a broader vision.

【总页数】9页(P180-188) 【作 者】谢岳;戴康

【作者单位】上海交通大学 国际与公共事务学院,上海 200240;上海交通大学 国际与公共事务学院,上海 200240 【正文语种】中 文 【相关文献】


1.结构范式和行动范式的对立与贯通--对经典社会学理论的回顾与再思考2.“史外传心”与社会行动的结构——论《胡氏春秋传》的诠释范式3.超越文化与结构:文化社会学的范式之争及其整合4.超越单一家庭与结构范式:青少年家庭治疗综述5.结构、行动和意义——西方理论范式及其在我国重大群体性事件语境下的反思

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