新概念英语第二册自学必备Lesson-56

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【New words and expressions】

sound n. 声音 excitement n. 激动，兴奋

handsome adj. 漂亮的；美观的 Rolls-Royce 罗尔斯--罗伊斯 Benz n. 奔驰 wheel n. 轮子

explosion n. 爆炸，轰响 course n. 跑道；行程 rival n. 对手 speed v. 疾驶 downhill adv. 下坡

★sound n. 声音 ① n. 声音

sound n. 任何声音都可以 voice n. 人的声音 noise n. 和周围不和谐的声音, 躁音 ② v. 听起来

③ adj. 合理的（等于reasonable adj.合理的, 有道理的, 通情达理的, 讲道理的）

I have a piece of sound advice. 我有一个合理的建议。 soundly adj. 香甜的 sleep soundly

★excitement n. 激动, 兴奋

to one's excitement… 令某人激动的是……

The most exciting thing is that… 最令人激动的是……

The most surprising thing about it is that 最令人惊讶的事情是…… It excited me that… 让我激动的是……

★handsome adj. 漂亮的, 美观的

handsome adj. 形容男孩, 英俊, 一般与男孩子连如handsome 与人连用有阳刚的美，与物相连表示美观大方，并表示制作精良；handsome跟女性连用的时候就表示这个女孩子有阳刚气，类似女侠的概念 Your husband is handsome.

beautiful 形容人的时候表示内在和外在美的统一, 完美的概念 You look beautiful. Flowers are beautiful. Picture is beautiful.

pretty adj. 美丽(用于女孩或小孩)，有柔美的意思 pretty跟男性连用就表示没有阳刚气，女性化 Your wife is pretty.

pretty boy / pretty girl / pretty woman

nice adj. 美好的(人，天气, 食物, 物品的品质等) You are nice. 你长得不错 lovely adj. 可爱的

This is a lovely story. 这是一个可爱的故事 good-looking adj. 很好看的

smart adj. 小巧而美丽的(物)或时髦而美丽的(人) She is smart.

cute adj.漂亮, 常用来形容小孩 The baby is cute.

What a cute baby! 多漂亮的宝宝啊!

How cute you are! 你多漂亮啊!(可爱啊!)

★explosion n. 爆炸, 轰响

explosive n. 爆炸物,炸药；adj. 爆炸(性)的, 爆发(性)的, 暴露 explode vt. 使爆炸；vi. 爆炸, 爆发, 破除, 推翻, 激发 bomb n. 炸弹；vt. 投弹于, 轰炸 The bomb exploded.

★course n. 跑道，行程 ① n. 跑道，行程

on the course 按照轨道运行 off course 偏离轨道 of course 当然 ② n. 课程

This term, I took/take seven courses. 这学期我学了七门课

★rival n. 对手

competition n. 竞争, 竞赛

The person who takes part in the competition. competitor n. 竞争者, 对手

opposite n. 相反的事物；adj. 相对的, 对面的, 对立的, 相反的, 对等的, 对应的 opponent n. 对手, 反对者(持反对意见的人, 如辩论赛上的和政治上的)

enemy n. 敌人 rival adj. 势均力敌的；n. 势均力敌的对手

Lesson 56 Faster than sound!

★speed（sped，sped） v. 疾驶 ① v. 疾驶，急行

The police car sped past us.

The two men sped out of the room. ② n. 速度

at the speed of 以……的速度

The car goes at the speed of 40 miles an hour / at 40 miles an hour. 在车后的3 speed/4 speed表示档位

speed up 速度的增加, 加速； slow down 减速 blow up 风力的增加

★downhill adv. 下坡

downstairs 下楼； upstairs 上楼 go down stairs下楼 go down hill 下山

downtown n.&adj.&adv. 市中心的商业区（反意uptown远离商业区） I'll go to the downtown.

Once a year, a race is held for old cars. A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began. One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheels. Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part. After a great many loud explosions, the race began. Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them! A few cars, however, completed the race. The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour -- much faster than any of its rivals. It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it. The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting. 【课文讲解】

1、Once a year, a race is held for old cars. =Old car race is held once a year. once +表示时间的名词每……一次 The postman calls once a day. be held for 比赛为……而举行

2、A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began. enter for 报名参加

a great deal of +不可数名词大量的……

There was/is a great deal of excitement. 人们非常激动 a great number of +可数名词 a great many +可数名词…… a large amount of +不可数名词 just before =just 起强调作用

3、One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. one of 直接作主语的时候, 它是做单数看待的 One of the answers is ture. One of those people is good.

如果在定语从句中出现了one of作为先行词，它后边的关系代词指代的是后面的复数名词；如果在one of前面还有一修饰词only，那么后边的关系代词将指代one这个词，才作单数看

He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.

4、Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part. The car was built in 1885.

taking part 理解为taking part (in the race)

5、After a great many loud explosions, the race began. after explosions 许多爆炸声之后

6、Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them!

many cars 许多车子；many of the cars 车子当中的许多

many students许多学生；many of my students我教过的许多学生 some pictures一些照片；some of the pictures 那些照片中的一些 break down 车子抛锚，（机械等）出故障，出毛病

This morning I was late for work, because my car broke down twice. under the car 指在车下面修理；in the car 指正常驾驶。句中的under 和in都是斜体，英文中的斜体字起强调作用

spent more time under their cars than in them.他们花在车下的时间比在车里的时间还多

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新概念英语第二册自学必备Lesson-56

7、The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour -- much faster than any of its rivals. the wining car 获胜车

a speed of +数量词速度为……

You must have been driving at a speed of seventy miles an hour. much faster 快得多；a little faster 快一点 any of its rivals＝any rival 任何一个

any 在比较级中一旦出现, 它往往要加可数名词的单数 Beijing is bigger than any other city. （注意“other不能丢） 如果是不定代词, 可以说someone else, anyone else；如果不是不定代词, 要在名词前加other. any other competitor 8、It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it.

at the end of… 在……的末尾/最后部分

He spoke a few words at the end of the meeting.

have trouble (in) doing sth. 干……有麻烦，做……很困难（trouble 既可数又不可数）

They had some trouble finding out the cause of the fire.

9、The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. give sb.+n. 给某人…… give sb. pleasure It will give sb. a great deal of pleasure. =There was a great deal of excitement. give sb. a fright 吓了某人一跳 give sb. a surprise 给某人一个惊喜

10、It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting.

modern car race 现代车赛 be different from 和……不同

no more 和no less都表示“和……一样”, 相当于only, the same There are no more than 100 students. 这个房间仅有一百个学生。 no less exciting 一样的激动 no more than you 和你一样

表示“和……不相同”用not more= more；not less= less not less exciting 更令人激动

【Letter writing】常用开头语：

I am sorry it has taken me so long to write, but… I was glad to hear from you at last and to learn that…

【Key structures】比较关系的句型

as…as 和……一样；the same (…) as 与……相同/同样 You’ve made the same mistake as Tom. 有时the same可以单独使用：

My mother is much younger than yours. She isn’t! They’re about the same age. Those two dress are the same.

not so…as / not as…as 不如……；different from 与……不同（different 前面可加very，much，a little等修饰语） Is French food very different from Italian food? A Frenchman could tell you better than I can!

We’re planning something different this year from what we did last year.

litte和few在口语中多用not much，not many代替：

There isn’t much sugar/aren’t many sweets, but you can have a little/few.

【Special difficulties】

Handsome, Beautiful, Pretty, Good-looking

handsome adj. 漂亮的，英俊的，一般用来形容男子，也可以指东西的制作精良

beautiful adj. 美丽的，给人美感的，令人愉悦的，完美的，强调内在和外在的结合，用来形容女子、孩童、花草、服饰等，一般不用来形容男子的长相

pretty adj. 漂亮的，可爱的，令人怜爱的，强调女孩和小孩的外表美丽good-looking adj. 好看的，标致的，美貌的，男女均适用 My furniture is good-looking.

Reach and Arrive in/at

reach vt. 到达，达到（适用的范围比较广，不仅仅限于地点） When you reach my age, you’ll be able to understand it. Can you get that book down for me please? I can’t reach it. arrive vi. 到达，抵达

在表示到达某个较大的地方时用arrive in，到达某个较小的地方/场所用arrive at

When I arrived at the station, the train had already gone.

Take part and Take place take part (in) 参加，参与

I didn’t take part in their conversation. It was the lodest car taking part.

take place＝happen 发生，进行，举行 What happened? = What took place?

All these took place before you were born.

The Olympic Games will take place in our country in four years’ time.

【Multiple choice questions】

3 A lot of cars entered for this race. There were___c___ cars in it. a. much b. lot of c. lots of d. plenty

much 修饰不可数；lot of 不存在这种结构；plenty of 固定搭配 lots of = a lot of

4 ___c_ in 1885, so it was the oldest car in the race. a. It built b. Built c. It was built d. Having built

一个简单句只有一个主语+一个动词, 如果出现了两个动词, 那么用and，but，so等连接；变成带有从句和主句的复合句；留一个作主干, 剩下的动词变为非谓语动词；有介词短语替代动词概念, 如: the boy in black

5 It was the oldest car taking part. There wasn't __a__one. a. an older b. the oldest c. an elder d. the eldest

elder 意为“年长的”，一般作定语用，不用作比较 not +比较级=最高级

6 It reached a speed of forty miles an hour. It c_forty miles an hour. a. ran b. ran with c. went at d. drove with 用于“速度” 的介词只有“at”

12 It went faster than any of its rivals. It went faster than its __c_. a. opponents b. enemies c. competitors d. partners opponent 两个持相反观点的对手 partner 伙伴, 搭档(合作关系的伙伴) 从下玩到大的伙伴用: friend 或company

1. c 根据课文第一句和最后一句Once a year, a race is held for old cars. It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting 可以推测只有c. All the cars were old是汽车比赛不寻常之处，其他3个选择虽然都是课文所提及的内容也与汽车比赛有关，但它们都不能清楚表明汽车比赛为什么不寻常。

much 和many 通常用于否定句和疑问句（正式文体除外）。在日常谈话2. a 课文第8行A few cars, however, completed the race 只有a. but only a few 中，通常避免在肯定句中使用much和many，而用别的数量词。口语中用completed the course 与课文相符，其他3个选择都与课文的实际情况不符。 得最多的表示“许多”的数量词是a lot of，它既可以与复数可数名词连用3. c 只有c. lots of 与前一句中的 A lot of (很多)的意思相同，所以应该选c。 也可以与不可数名词连用，后面的动词用单数还是复数取决于名词。比a a. much 不能修饰可数名词；b. lot of 不是正确的表达方式，应该是a lot of 或

者lots of ； d. plenty (充足)， plenty of 是一个短语，表示“足够的”，而且这

lot of正式一些的表达方式有：a great/good deal of+不可数名词，a

个短语也不符合题目意思。

great/good/large number of+复数名词，a great/good many of+复数名词。在 4. c 选c. It was built 句子意思完整，符合语法，这是一个用连词so连接，表what 引导的感叹句中不用much/many： 示结果的并列句，因此前半句就应该是一个有主谓结构的句子，只有c. It was What a lot of sweets Tom’s bought! built 是一个意思比较完整的并含有主谓的句子。 而其他3个选择意义都不完 I am less lucky. 我还不如他们幸运. 整，不能成为独立句。 more exciting 更激动= not less exciting. 5. a 该句需要选一个同前一句中的形容词意思相同的比较级形式。b. the oldest 和 d. the eldest 都是最高级，可以排除；a. an older (较旧的)和c. an elder

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新概念英语第二册自学必备Lesson-56

(较年长的)都是比较级，但只有a. an older 是前一句总的形容词的最高级the oldest 的比较级形式，所以选a.

6. c 只有c. went at最符语法和习惯用法。因为表示“以什么速度运行”可以用to go at + some miles an hour. 所以went at forty miles an hour 与前一句中的reached a speed of forty miles an hour (达到了每小时40英里的速度)含义相符。

7. a 该句需要选出与前一句中的different from (不同于)意义相反的词组。 只有a. the same as (与……相同)是different from 的反义词组，符合习惯用法。 其他3个选择都不是正确的表达方式。

8. b 该句需要选出一个同前一句的the most handsome(最漂亮的)意义相接近的词.a. pretty(漂亮的,可爱的)常用来描写女人,小孩或景致的小东西,而不适合描写汽车;b. beautiful(美丽的,漂亮的); c. seemly(适宜的,恰当的); d. nice(好的)这4个中只有b. beautiful语气最强,与handsome的意义最接近,因此b.是对的.

9. b 该句需要选出同前一句中的unusual(不寻常的)意义相反的词。 a. used(用过的，旧的)，b. common(常见的，寻常的)；c. vulgar(庸俗的，低级的)；d. accustomed(习惯于，正常的，通常的)，这几个选择中，只有b. common 是 unusual 的反义词。所以选b.

10. c 需要选explosions(爆炸,轰响)含义相同的词. a. knocks n.打,敲击声 b. hits n.打,击c. bangs n.突然的巨响 d. thumps (重击声)中只有c. bangs 与 explosions 含义最接近,所以选c.

11. c 需要选与动词词组broke down(损坏，抛锚发生故障)的含义相符合的词。 a. were in pieces成碎片 b. were broken up分开，分解c. couldn't go不能开动)d. were spoilt(糟蹋，弄糟)中，只有c. couldn't go 和broke down 的意义相似。

12. c 需要选与rivals (对手，竞争者) 意义相同的词。a. opponents (对手，敌手，反对者)指同某人对立的敌方；b. enemies(敌人)；c. competitors(竞争者，对手)指比赛中的竞争者；d. partners (伙伴，合作者，舞伴)。只有c. competitors 是rivals 的同意义词，二者都是有“比赛中的竞争者 ”的含义，所以选c.

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