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初中英语语法总结一览表
语法项目
构 成
用 法
表示经常性的 动作或状态
象 征 词
规则变化
不规则变化
例 句
He goes to school every day. I often have lunch at home. He wrote a letter yesterday. I studied hard last year. Are you going to read ? He is coming tomorrow . Tom is writing now .
They are lying on the bed .
动词用原形
一般现在时
三人称单数-s / es 动词用过去时
一般过去时
Be—was/ were be going to+V原
一般将来时
will / shall + V原
Every often always on 天 in一般-s –es 辅have----has 月、季、节、年。 音+y---ies
/In1998 一般/去e 双写go-went come-came
/辅+y结尾-do-did leave-left等 ied
Go come leave stay fly等用进行表将来
ago/just now
表过去某个、段时间内
last/yesterday 等
动作及状态 在将来某个时间或 某段时要做的事
tomorrow / after
next / tonight in 2010
现在进行时 be+doing
listen look now
表此时此刻正进行的动
all the time Don’t…
作或状态
一般去e 双写 tie die lie – +ing 变ie为y加ing
含糊的频率
现在完成时 have / has +PP 发生在过去影响在现在
词 already just never ever
现在完成进行 have/has been+doing 的动作或状态等 was / were +doing
.过去进行时
多用于复合句中 had+动过去分词
过去完成时
多用于复合句中
at this time yesterday
表在过去某时间正在进
last Sunday evening
行的动作
by the time+过去时
该动作发生在过去的过
when after before
去
副分词规则的同不规则的动词的过去分I have been teaching for 8 过去式是一样词需逐个记忆 years. 的 He has slept for two days. 一般去e 双写 tie die lie – +ing 变ie为y加ing 规则的分词构需要逐个记忆 成与过去时一详见不规则动词表 样的
He was reading at that time last Friday
We had learnt 2000 words by the end of last year.
语法项目 构 成 用 法 象 征 词
规则变化
不规则变化 例 句
He said that he would come here the next day . She is the tall in the two. He runs faster than Tom . She is the most beautiful in her class.(最高级加the)
would + V 原形
过去将来时
多用宾语从句中 比较级形式 后--er 前加more 形容副词名词 名词比较用more 最高级形式 后-est 前加most 形容副词名词 名词比较用most
过去看来将要发生的动
He said that he… the next day .
作或状态 表示两个人、物 之间进行比较时
than /much/ a little far / in the two 等
一般/去e 双写good/well —better /辅+y结尾- much/many—more ier
一般/去e 双写bad/ill/badly-worst /辅+y结尾-far-farther-farthest iest
大于等于三个人、物之in the +比较范围 间进行比较 of the 具体的数字
动词不定式 作主语 作宾语 作宾补
to do没有人称To read is helpful for He wants to buy a I hear him sing yesterday 和数的变化 anybody now . dictionary. Tom told me to open it.
作表语 作状语
作定语
His job is to He’ll go to see a doctor
He has much homework
take care of tomorrow .
to do every day .
children .
状语从句 宾语从句 定语从句
主从复合句 句子作状语 (时间地点原因条件让步比较) 句子作宾语(语序、时态、引导词、客观事实) 句子作定语(修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词)
He was writing a letter when I came in。 He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday 主动结构
与 被动结构
主动语态:主语(人、物)+ 谓语 + 宾语 We speak English . 动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者 主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态:主语(人、物)+be PP + by宾语 English is spoken by us 动作承受者 + be PP + by动作执行者 在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式 宾改主 谓语动词 be PP 主by 宾
主动变被动,先找主、谓、宾,宾改主、主by宾,代
词变格要细心,谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被 PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表 被动句的时态(be)随主动句的时态(do)人称和数应随被动句的主语(am、is、are、was、were等 )
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