考研英语基础班英语水平测试(1)

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考研英语基础班英语水平测试（1）

Part I Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) （25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel __1__ about it after- ward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re __2__ with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity (肥胖). Perhaps the __3__ to this ambivalence (矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop (经济作物) wasn' t eaten but smoked. Then there was prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually .encouraging more __4_ ways of doing it.

The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what "real Americans" eat, but our nation' s food has come to be __5__ by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.

Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political __6__.

But strong opinions have not brought __7__ Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become __8__ of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.

The __9__ in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage (束缚). It’s what we eat—and how we __10__ it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a community today.



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A) answer F) defined K) suspicious B) result G) vanish L) certainty C) share H) adapted M) obsessed D) guilty I) creative N) identify E) constant J) belief O) ideals Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) ,B) ,C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Americans used to stand tall as the people with the highest average height in the world. However, since the middle of this century, several Scandinavian (斯堪的纳维亚的) countries have moved ahead and now have taller citizens on average than the United States.

“One of the keys to understand why America is falling behind other countries in terms of stature has to do with access to health care, particularly for children,” said Richard Steckel, a professor of economics and anthropology at Ohio state university.

“I suspect there are pockets of poverty in the United States where the lack of medical programs and nutritional programs may be factors in poor health, and the reason some people aren’t growing as tall as they might.

"I think the countries that have surpassed the United States have done well in reaching nearly everyone with complete health and nutrition services.” said Steckel. " The success of the Scandinavian countries in health care shows up in many measures, not just height, such as mortality rates (死亡率) and life expectancy (寿命).

Immigration to the United States of people with shorter average heights—such as Asian—can’ t explain why other countries have moved ahead in average height, according to Steckel. “In the past half century, the change in ethnic (种族的) composition hasn ' t been enough to make a significant difference in the country ' s average height.

Steckel said he first began investigating height as an alternative way to measure the standard of living—a traditional area of research for economists.

Research has shown that average height is significantly associated with a country’s per capita (人均) income. But studying height has some advantages, Steckel said. For example .researchers have records of average height that go further back in history than do records of national income. Height also tells a slightly different story about the standard of living because it measures consumption of basic necessities, rather than output. Moreover,


because growth occurs mostly in childhood, it allows researchers to look at how resources are allocated within families.

"Studying height captures some things about the standard of living that income leaves out, " Steckel said, " Economists need to take a multiple approach to studying the standard of living.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

1. The reason that the average height of Americans is falling behind that of several

Scandinavian countries is that ______.

A) Americans generally receive poorer medical care than those people in the

Scandinavian countries

B) some Americans have inadequate access to medical care and nutrition

C) the living standards in those Scandinavian countries have greatly improved D) the living standard in America has declined with shorter average

2. Immigration to the United States by people with shorter average height is no reason for the decline in the average height in America because ______. A) Asians came to the United States only in recent years B) Asians are taller than immigrants from other areas

C) the immigration by people with shorter average height is not large enough

D) immigrants of other ethnicities usually have good access to medical care and nutrition 3. Using income to study the standard of living fails to capture all of the followings EXCEPT___

A) the living standards of people who lived further back in history B) consumption of basic necessities

C) how resources are allocated within families D) production of basic necessities 4. What is implied in the last paragraph?

A) Studying income reveals nothing about the standard of living.

B) Height and income combined reveal more about the standard of living. C) The standard of living cannot be truly measured.

D) Economists do not agree on what the standard of living means.

5. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards measuring the standard

of living by studying height?

A) Approving. B) Indifferent. C) Objective. D) Humorous. Passage Two

People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early



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that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy—one plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silver-ware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded (使……隐居) on a desert island at birth and returned seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.

Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive (认知的) psychologists had illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed (哄)into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the basics of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers is itself far from innate. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A) Trends in teaching mathematics to children. B) The use of mathematics in child psychology.

C) The development of mathematical ability in children.

D) The fundamental concepts of mathematics that children must learn.

2. It can be inferred from the passage that children normally learn simple counting ______. A) soon after they learn to talk B) by looking at the clock

C) when they begin to be mathematically mature D) after they reach second grade in school

3. The word "illuminated" in line 10 is closest in meaning to ______.

A) illustrated B) accepted C) clarified D) lighted 4. According to the passage, when small children were asked to count a pile of red and blue pencils they ______.

A) counted the number of pencils of each color B) guessed at the total number of pencils

C) counted only the pencils of their favorite color

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