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On Transformational---generative rules



Summary: Chomsky's first book " syntactic " laid him in the language of the world history

of the important status, however, it hasn't completely get rid of structuralism category and has significant limitations, can only meet in the description language. Therefore, in order to find the essence of language, Chomsky turns to the exploration of new methods, in critically absorbing structural linguistics in the positive factors under the premise of a wide range of learning other linguists' view, and gradually establish a transformational generative grammar.

Key word: Chomsky; generative grammar; university English Teaching; Transformational

generative grammar in the teaching utilization

Contents:

1、Transformational generative grammar concept

Transformational generative grammar by American linguist Chomsky in nineteen fifties founded. In 1955, his " theory of language logic structure ", this book is a theory of transformational generative grammar based, it later embodied in the " syntactic structure " in one book, which marks the birth of transformational generative grammar. Contemporary British linguist John, Rhins had such comments: " whether Chomsky's theory of grammar is correct or not, it is undoubtedly the most vitality, the most influential theories of grammar. 1、1Object of study Transformational generative grammar is the study on the syntax and grammar competence (i.e., language skills ). Chomsky believed that language is creative. On one hand, in the use of language, simply repeat the sentences rarely, limited knowledge can create unlimited sentences, this is the creativity of language; on the other hand, a certain knowledge of language is the practice of naturally acquired, are not through teach others, implied or guided by.

1、1Language ability and language use

Chomsky believed that language ability and language are two different concepts. Language ability refers to the person who speaks a language intrinsic understanding and create sentences, i.e. the human language capacity. This ability is the club 's, human is distinguished from other animal is one of the main characters. While the language is the language ability one kind manifests, is the use of a particular language specific behaviors, is a language phenomenon. Language ability from why and come? Chomsky further put forward the " language acquisition " this one concept. When a person say a sentence, he was not conscious of the subject before the verb, put the object after the verb, but he said that sentence is completely in accordance with the rules of grammar, this is the potential of human linguistic competence at work.

1、2 Deep structure and surface structure

Chomsky also proposed the deep structure and surface structure concept, he argues that syntactic structure is formed in the deep structure of sentences, the deep structure plays a key role in semantic interpretation. And the deep structure and surface structure between the conversion relationship, human beings are naturally equipped in these two kinds of structures between conversion ability. Not only such, he think that all languages have common deep structure, surface


structure is different, this view on translation theory has important guiding role.

1、3Language acquisition theory

Chomsky thinks, human and not by learning to master the language. Language as we walk, is a human instinct. A lot of knowledge about the language is in the human brain, intrinsic, or is born. This is not to say that if a child 's parents are from Slovakia, but the children growing up in North America, but never heard - Slovakia - Slovakia will grow up to say; but that human brain in experience before is not white, but there is an innate inherited from the special structure and properties, become human language the inherent basis, this is the " universal grammar. Universal grammar " by all human languages shared principles, conditions and rules of composition of the system, is the essence of human language. " Universal grammar mainly studies language knowledge, language knowledge and ability to obtain, how to application and material realization. He thinks that universal grammar is the human brain in learning language before the initial state of all human languages, including common features.

2、Transformational generative grammar in the teaching utilization

In the English Teaching of the University, each class students' English level differ, quite a part of students' interest in English is not enough, so anything can stimulate students' interest in learning, more simple solution to the problem can try. Transformational generative grammar is a highly abstract syntax, but its deep structure and surface structure, with the inverted tree to parse the sentence, " break up the whole into parts " of words, syntactic and semantic analysis, sentence constituents between the restriction concept can be creatively used in teaching, language teaching has become the helper.

2、1 Simple sentence complex sentence and conversion between

In university English intensive reading text will appear in some complex sentence, if the Lord, that the Philippines, fixed, shape, supplementary terms like to carry out the sentence structure analysis to help understand the meaning of the sentence, the teachers can be very laborious, students are also not easy to accept, if teachers can make flexible use of transformational grammar will translated into several simple sentences, teaching and learning in two will become more relaxed. The complex sentence into several simple sentences and do not change the meaning of the sentence, only to have it fixed shape fill such modifiers into simple sentences. Complex sentence is strict but not easy to understand, the simple sentence is easy to understand, for different purposes, can use transformational grammar to their conversion, for ease of comprehension can be transformed into simple sentences, formed serious writing will design simple sentences into complex sentence.

2、2Deep structure and surface structure in the teaching application

In English teaching, we often use sentence repeated practice way to grasp the method of using a new sentence. Capable of being used as the same sentence for sentence not only as surface structure and deep structure to be consistent, but also conform to. Some sentences from the surface structure is consistent, but is actually composed of other sentence.

2、3 Application of transformational grammar understanding Qi Yiju

Some sentences from the surface structure and tree are not explain its ambiguity, only from the context that it should choose some ambiguity in which an explanation. And so on ambiguous sentences in which an interpretation depends on the specific context. Transformational grammar to ambiguity resolution, with clear sentences shown, to help language learners to eliminate the


ambiguity.

3、My Conclusion

In transformational generative grammar, sentence transformation is derived during a specific stage must use operation method, deep structure surface structure is the input, output, and, with the same deep structure of the sentence are closely linked. Transformation generative method of simplifying things, the ability to simplify, rational analysis on language, make the language teaching can help clear rules, go up objectively for both teachers and students played a guiding role.

Students to learn grammar generally feel headache, because the grammar is more abstract, difficult to understand, there is a bit boring, but in the professor's time if the teacher can do explain profound theories in simple language, guide the students to understand, so students have the knowledge will master more solid, more thorough understanding.

Reference：

（1） Hu Zhuanglin，Linguistics: a course book （2） Liu Runqing，Schools of Linguistics （3） Zhou Xiao liang, Western Linguistics （4） Liu Jia, Foreign literature

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