江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(35)含答案解析

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江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（35）含答案解析

【题文】

Attachment is not just a connection between two people; it's a bond that involves a desire for regular contact with that person and the experience of distress(悲伤) during separation from that person.

According to psychologist John Bowilby, there are four critical characteristics of attachment. The first is the desire to be near those with whom we share an attachment since we are happy while staying with them. Attachments also create a safe shelter, meaning that during times of distress, fear, or uncertainty, we may seek out the people we're attached to for care and comfort. Next, attachment figures also offer a secure base for exploration. This is particularly important during childhood. This secure base allows kids to explore the world while they know they can still return to the safety of the attachment figure. Finally, we experience separation distress when parted from an attachment figure. For example, kids tend to become upset when parents have to leave them in the care of others.

Attachment serves a number of important purposes. For instance, it helps keep babies and children close to their caregivers so that they can avoid potential dangers, which in turn helps boost their chances of survival. However, if a child doesn't form a secure attachment to a caregiver, he or she will suffer from a number of problems including conduct disorder and oppositional -defiant (对立反抗的) disorder. Researchers also suggest that the type of attachment displayed early in life can have a lasting effect on later adult relationships.

Psychologist Harry Harlow conducted an experiment on social isolation in monkeys. Baby monkeys were separated from their mothers and placed with surrogate mothers (代母). One mother was simply a wire armature (电枢) that held a bottle, while the other mother was covered with a soft terry cloth material. Harlow found that the baby monkeys would receive food from the wire mother, but preferred to spend most of their time with the soft mother. When compared to monkeys that had been raised by their birth mothers, the monkeys raised by surrogate mothers were shyer and more nervous and suffered from social and emotional problems.

All in all, developing secure and healthy attachments early in life is very important. Such attachments play a vital role in our future development.

Attachment Introduction to attachment

Attachment means that you feel so connected to someone else ___71___that often want to contact him or her and you may feel distressed in the ___72___of the person.

·We enjoy the ___73___ of those we’re attached to, so we always take any chance we get to be

Characteristics

with them.

of attachment

·We may tum to attachment figures when experiencing negative emotions.


·Attachment figures are always ___74___and serve as powerful supporters when children ___75___their surroundings.

·Any ___76___from an attachment figure is an invitation to distress.

·Attachment makes children seek ___77___ from their caregivers, thus enabling them to

Importance of survive. attachment

·___78___to form a secure attachment with a caregiver leads to a series of problems in children. ·Childhood attachment influences later adult relationships.

In a study, with their early attachments ___79___baby monkeys are likely to suffer

An experiment

mentally,___80___and emotionally.

We should form secure and healthy attachments while young, because they will have important

Conclusion

impacts on our future development.



【答案】71. emotionally 72. absence 73. company 74. available 75. explore 76. departure/ separation 77. protection 78. Failure/ Failing 79. disturbed 80. socially 【解析】

本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述有关“依恋”。 在生命早期培养安全健康的依恋关系是非常重要的。这种依恋在我们未来的发展中起着至关重要的作用。 【71题详解】

根据第一段Attachment is not just a connection between two people; it's a bond that involves a desire for regular contact with that person and the experience of distress(悲伤) during separation from that person.可知，依恋是指你在情感上和别 人联系得很紧密，经常想要联系他或她，如果没有这个人，你可能会感到很痛苦。结合句意可知答案为emotionally。【72题详解】

根据第一段Attachment is not just a connection between two people; it's a bond that involves a desire for regular contact with that person and the experience of distress(悲伤) during separation from that person.可知，依恋是指你在情感上和别人联系得很紧密，经常想要联系他或她，如果没有这个人，你可能会感到很痛苦。结合句意可知答案为absence。 【73题详解】

根据第二段中The first is the desire to be near those with whom we share an attachment since we are happy while staying with them.可知，我们喜欢和我们所爱的人在一起，所以我们总是抓住一切机会和他们在一起。故答案为company。 【74题详解】

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