自考“英语(一)”课堂听课笔记第十八章(3)

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自考“英语（一）”课堂听课笔记第十八章（3）

in the…sense of the word 意思是”就这个词的…意义上而言”，如： 1）It is a miracle in the true sense of the word.（这是真正的奇迹。） 2）That is an adventure in every sense of the word.（那才叫冒险。） sense是个常用词，请看下面的句子，注意sense的词意。 1) He has a great sense of humor.（他很有幽默感。）

2) There is some common sense in what he says.（他所说的话有些道理。）

3) What’s the sense of doing that since it is already late?（既然已经晚了，做那件事还有什么意义呢？）

4) She came to her senses after a blood transfusion. (输血之后，他苏醒过来。) 5) In a sense what he said is true.（在某种意义上说，他说的话是正确的。） 6) Her explanation doesn’t make any sense.（她的解释讲不通。） 7) I cannot make sense of what has written.（她写的东西我弄不懂。）

3. This and others that followed it, were little more than rough sketches of localized features; it was not until many centuries later that the ancient Greeks placed the science of map-making on a sound-footing.

本句中的前一个it是代指上句中的the oldest known map. Little more than 的意思是 almost no more than（只不外是）。请注意下列句子中的little的意思： 1) He is little better than a bookworm. （他简直跟书白痴差不多。） 2) That is little short of open scorn.（那简直就是公然鄙视。）

It was not until…that….是一个常见的强调句型，意思是”直到…才”。如： 1) It was not until the cat emerged from behind the bushes that I noticed it. （直到猫从灌木后面出来，我才注意到它。）

2) It was not until he called me that I realized there was a meeting in the afternoon. （直到他给我打电话我才想起下午有个会。）

3) It was not until several weeks later that the stolen car was found.（几个星期以后那辆失窃的汽车才被找到。）

请翻译下列句子，注意使用上述句型。

1）直到20世纪60年代人类才实现登上月球的梦想。 2）直到昨天他才被告知本相。

3）直到妈妈来幼儿园接他，那孩子才停止哭泣。 这三个句子可以翻译为：

1) It was not until the 1960S that man realized the dream of landing on the moon. 2) It was not until yesterday that he was told the truth.

3) It was not until mother came to the kinder-garter to collect him that the boy stopped crying.

place sth. on a sound footing 意思是”把…置于坚实的基础上”。

4. The last great scientist of the classical period, he was the first to draw a map that was based on all available knowledge, rather than guess or imagination.

The last great scientist of the classical period, 在本句中做同位语，对主语he作进一步的补充说明。

Be based on 意思是”以……为基础”。

Guess在句中做名词用，意思是”推测，猜想”。


Rather than在本句中的意思相当于instead of “而不是”。

1）I have used some simple words rather than the difficult ones.（我用了一些简单词汇而不是难词。）

2）He bought two books rather than one.（他买了两本书而不是一本。）

3）Rather than go back on his word, he kept his promise.（他没有食言，而是言而有信。） 5. Given the state of knowledge of those times, he got things wrong, ……

在第十五单元中，我们学过given这个介词，意思是”考虑到”，在本句中given仍是这个意思，请再看两个例句：

1）Given the poor working condition, you cannot expect the workers to be very efficient. （考虑到工作条件差，你不能指望工人们的效率很高。 2）Given the bad weather, we have to change our plan.（基于天气不好，我们得改变计划。） Times在本句中的意思是”时代”，如： 1）The times are different, women are now equal to man.（时代不同了，现在男女平等了。） 2）In modern times, the development of science and technology is accelerating.（近代科学技术在加速发展。） 3）In the difficult times, many people died of hunger.（在那限难时世，许多人因饥饿而死。） 6. …since Ptolemy had calculated wrongly the size of the Atlantic and was unaware that the pacific ocean existed.

本句中的since引导的是一个原因状语从句，如：

1）Since so many people are absent, we’d better put off the meeting. （既然如此多的人缺席，我们最好将此会延期。）

2）I won’t blame you since you know nothing about it.（既然你对此一窍不通，我就不会怪你。）

Unaware与aware一样是形容词，其用法也与aware相同，be unaware of…, be unaware that…。

1）I was unaware of his presence.（我没注意到他在场。）

2）He was unaware that he had been followed.（他不知道他被跟踪了。）

7. The reason for this was that he decided to orientate the map in the direction of the pole star since Polaris was the immovable guiding light in which the voyagers of the era placed their trust. 本句中，that引导的是一个表语从句。表语从句的结构为：

主语+连系动词+表语从句。表语从句也可用where, why, how引导。如： 1） The reason for his absence was that he was ill.（他缺席的原因是他病了。） 2） That was why I hated it.（这就是我不喜欢这个的原因。） 3） That is how he cheated people.（他就是用这种方式骗人的。）

Which所引导的是一个定语从句修饰guiding light限定性定语从句如果修饰”物”，关系代词that和which都可用，但在介词的后面只能用which，在白话中一般把介词放到从句后部去，这时则可以用that。如：

1） This is the question about which we had a discussion last night.（这就是我们昨晚讨论的问题。）

This is the question that we. Had a discussion about last night.

2） This is the fact on which we base our opinion.（我们的不雅点就是建立在这个事实之上的。）

This is the fact that we base our opinion on.

Trust在句中做名词用，place (put) trust in sb/sth 信任某人（某事）。


1）I don’t have any trust in him.（我对他一点也不信任。）

2）Have some trust in the future everything will be OK.（对未来有点信心吧，一切都会好起来。）

3） The old lady placed great trust in her grandson.（那位老太太对她孙子非常信任。） 8. North at the top remained the accepted arrangement until the early Middle Ages, when the church began to interfere seriously with the advance of science.

本句中when引导一个由逗号把前面句子隔开的句子，其意思相当于at the time。如： 1） The party has been put off until next week, when we can get better prepared. （晚会被推迟到下周，那时我们能准备得更好些。）

2） We will wait have until 6, when the manager can spare us a few minutes. （我们在这儿比及6点，那时经理就能给我们几分钟了。） Interfere with意思是”妨碍”，如：

1） Bad dietary habits often interfere with health.（不良的饮食习惯常常妨碍健康。） 2） The interests of the two countries do not interfere with each other.（这两国彼此间没有利害冲突。）

9. Once again, north assumed its rightful place at the top of maps. 在第十五单元的Text B中，我们已经学过assume这个词

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